general knowledge refresher

general knowledge refresher

general knowledge refresher Published this article page no  92 Consensus is building among various stakeholders meeting in Bali Indonesia to adopt a nonbinding declaration that will enhance international cooperation and coordination for combating illegal trade in mercury a major pollutant globally.  The Government of Indonesia as well as the United Nations have sought support and commitment from parties to the Minamata Convention for a Bali Declaration on combating Global Illegal Trade of Mercury. The nonbinding declaration calls upon parties to  166 1. Develop practical tools and notification and informationsharing systems for monitoring and managing trade in mercury. 2. Exchange experiences and practices relating to combating illegal trade in mercury including reducing the use of mercury in artisanal and smallscale gold mining. 3. Share examples of national legislation and data and information related to such trade. Basics about Mercury Sources Mercury is a naturally occurring element that is found in air water and soil. Released into the atmosphere through natural processes such as weathering of rocks volcanic eruptions geothermal activities forest fires etc. Mercury is also released through human activities. Mercury may have toxic effects on the nervous digestive and immune systems and on lungs kidneys skin and eyes. Chemical of major public health concernMercury is considered by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as one of the top ten chemicals or groups of chemicals of major public health concern. Minamata Disease A disorder caused by methylmercury poisoning that was first described in the inhabitants of Minamata Bay Japan and resulted from their eating fish contaminated with mercury industrial waste. About the Minamata Convention  The Minamata Convention on Mercury is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from the adverse effects of mercury and its compounds.  It was agreed at the fifth session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee in Geneva Switzerland 2013. It entered into force in 2017 general knowledge refresher buy. 

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pratiyogita kiran

pratiyogita kiran

pratiyogita kiran Published this article page no  02 Iran has offered its support for a ceasefire plan put forward by rebels it backs in Yemens war saying it could be an appropriate platform for ending the conflict.  The Houthi rebels have announced the proposal and offered peace talks on condition Saudi Arabia stops its air strikes and blockade of Yemen and removes foreign forces. Need for ceasefire  101 The Yemen war has killed hundreds of thousands of people directly or indirectly and displaced millions creating what the United Nations has called the worlds worst humanitarian crisis. Who are the Houthis?  Founded in the 1990s by Hussein Badreddin alHouthi a member of Yemens Shia majority.  It is a group of Zaidi Shia Muslims who ruled a kingdom in the province for nearly 1000 years. Whats the issue? One of the Arab worlds poorest countries Yemen has been devastated by a near sevenyear civil war which started after Houthis captured the capital Sanaa following which Saudiled forces intervened and fought the rebels with the aim of ending Iranian influence in the region and restoring the former government.  The UAE joined the Saudi campaign in 2015 and has been deeply involved in the conflict ever since despite announcing the formal withdrawal of its forces in 2019 and 2020. The war in Yemen Background  The conflict has its roots in the Arab Spring of 2011 when an uprising forced the countrys longtime authoritarian president Ali Abdullah Saleh to hand over power to his deputy Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi.  The political transition was supposed to bring stability to Yemen one of the Middle Easts poorest nations but President Hadi struggled to deal with various problems including militant attacks corruption food insecurity and continuing loyalty of many military officers to Saleh pratiyogita kiran buy. 

pratiyogita kiran

pratiyogita kiran

pratiyogita kiran

pratiyogita kiran Published this article page no 01 Why India rejected? Indias contention was that the resolution ignored the military invasion by Pakistan and placing both nations on an equal diplomatic ground was a dismissal of Pakistans aggression and the fact that the Maharaja of Kashmir Hari Singh had signed the Instrument of Accession. India also objected to the Resolutions requirement that did not allow India to retain military presence which it believed it needed for defence. The Resolutions order to form a coalition government would also put Sheikh Abdullah the Prime Minister of the Princely State of Jammu & Kashmir in a difficult position. India also believed that the powers conferred on the Plebiscite Administrator undermined the states sovereignty. India also wanted Pakistan to be excluded from the operations of the plebiscite. Why Pakistan rejected? Pakistan on the other hand objected to even the minimum presence of Indian forces in Kashmir as allowed by the resolution. It also wanted an equal representation in the state government for the Muslim Conference which was the dominant party in Pakistaniheld Kashmir. Final outcome Despite their differences with the provisions of Resolution 47 both India and Pakistan welcomed the UN Commission and agreed to work with it pratiyogita kiran buy. 

pratiyogita kiran

junior science refresher magazine pdf free download

junior science refresher magazine pdf free download

junior science refresher magazine pdf free download Published this article page no 80  In Vinay Mishra vs the CBI Calcutta HC ruled in July this year that corruption cases must be treated equally across the country and a central government employee could not be distinguished just because his office was located in a state that had withdrawn general consent.The HC also said that withdrawal of consent would apply in cases where only employees of the state government were involved. Issues with CBI Autonomy  47 After the 2018 amendments to the Prevention of Corruption Act 1988 the Centre has come to exercise power over the CBI not just administratively but also legally.In 2018 the government pushed through Parliament amendments to Section 17A of the Act making it mandatory for the CBI to seek the Centres permission before registering a case of corruption against any government servant. Insta Curious Suits under Article 131 are filed exclusively in the Supreme Court with regard to disputes between States or between the Centre and State. 3. Lokpal fails to give prosecution sanction to anyone in nearly three years Context The Lokpal has failed to provide prosecution sanction to public servants charged with corruption since its constitution nearly three years ago according to an RTI reply by the antigraft ombudsman. Other issues The appointments of directors of inquiry and prosecution the two top personnel for looking into complaints of corruption and processing prosecution of accused public servants are yet to be made. Who is a director of inquiry? According to the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act 2013There shall be a director of inquiry not below the rank of Joint Secretary to the Government of India.Heshe shall be appointed by the Central government for conducting preliminary inquiries referred to the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) by the Lokpal. Highlights of the Lokpal Act of 2013 1. The Act allows setting up of anticorruption ombudsman called Lokpal at the Centre and Lokayukta at the Statelevel. 2. The Lokpal will consist of a chairperson and a maximum of eight members. 3. The Lokpal will cover all categories of public servants including the Prime Minister. But the armed forces do not come under the ambit of Lokpal. 4. The Act also incorporates provisions for attachment and confiscation of property acquired by corrupt means even while the prosecution is pending. 5. The States will have to institute Lokayukta within one year of the commencement of the Act. 6. The Act also ensures that public servants who act as whistleblowers are protected. Powers 1. The Lokpal will have the power of superintendence and direction over any investigation agency including CBI for cases referred to them by the ombudsman. 2. As per the Act the Lokpal can summon or question any public servant if there exists a prima facie case against the person even before an investigation agency (such as vigilance or CBI) has begun the probe. Any officer of the CBI investigating a case referred to it by the Lokpal shall not be transferred without the approval of the Lokpal. 3. An investigation must be completed within six months junior science refresher magazine pdf free download buy.

junior science refresher magazine pdf free download

junior science refresher magazine pdf free download

junior science refresher magazine pdf free download

junior science refresher magazine pdf free download Published this article page no 77  National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) celebrated its 17th Foundation Day recently. About the NCPCR NCPCR was set up in March 2007 under the Commissions for Protection of Child Rights (CPCR) Act 2005 an Act of Parliament (December 2005).The Commission began operational on 5 March 2007.NCPCR is a statutory body under the administrative control of the Ministry of Women & Child Development Government of India. MandateThe Commissions Mandate is to ensure that all Laws Policies Programmes and Administrative Mechanisms are in consonance with the Child Rights perspective as enshrined in the Constitution of India and also the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Definition of a Child Under the CPCR Act The Child is defined as a person in the 0 to 18 years age group. Functions of NCPCR Under the RTE Act 2009 the NCPCR canInquire into complaints about violation of the law.Summon an individual and demand evidence.Seek a magisterial enquiry.File a writ petition in the High Court or Supreme Court.Approach the government concerned for prosecution of the offender.Recommend interim relief to those affected. Composition of NCPCRThis commission has a chairperson and six members.Of which at least two should be women junior science refresher magazine pdf free download buy.  

junior science refresher magazine pdf free download

competition success review annual subscription

competition success review annual subscription

competition success review annual subscription  Published this article page no  32 Enhanced Discoverability for small retailers Once a retailer lists its products or services using the ONDCs open protocol the business can be discovered by consumers on ecommerce platforms that follow the same protocol.Increasing efficiency in logistics movement It would help in standardizing operations and promote inclusion of local suppliers which would drive efficiencies in logistics and lead to enhancement of value for consumers.Ease of doing business Businesses are expected to benefit from transparent rules lightweight investment and lower cost of business acquisition. o It is also expected that the timetomarket as well as timetoscale shall also be substantially reduced.Faster adoption of digital means It would encourage easy adoption of digital means by those currently not on digital commerce networks. Way ForwardTechnical Decentralization The government should restrict its role to facilitating standards and protocols that provide open access.Minimal personal data collection Data exchange protocols should be designed to minimize friction but be based on clear rules that protect the consumer interest i.e. the platform should be built on privacy by design principles.Utilizing new technologies For instance tools like blockchain could be used to build technical safeguards that cannot be overridden without active consent.Reference application Creation of nonmandatory reference applications for organic adoption of the network similar to BHIM App can be done.Supplementing with tightlytailored regulations such as passing the data protection bill and creating an independent regulator should be a precondition competition success review annual subscription buy.

competition success review annual subscription

competition success review annual subscription

competition success review annual subscription

competition success review annual subscription Published this article page no  31 Plan for a well developed Information Education & Communication campaign to educate encourage and to address any apprehensions of various network participants.Special attention to help onboard small and medium players will be given initially.It is expected to evolve over time as a selfsustaining entity generating income for its operations and surplus for continuous investment in technology processes and network development. What does opensource mean?Making a software or a process opensource means that the code or the steps of that process is made available freely for others to use redistribute and modify it.For example while the operating system of Apples iPhones — iOS — is closed source meaning it cannot be legally modified or reverse engineered Googles Android operating system is opensource and therefore it is possible by smartphone manufacturers such as Samsung Xiaomi OnePlus etc. to modify it for their hardware. 29 Intended Benefits of ONDCEnding monopolistic tendencies Many big ecommerce companies have been accused of discriminating among sellers on their platforms and promoting certain seller entities in which they hold indirect stakes. ONDC will level the playing field and empower merchants and consumers by breaking silos to form a single network.Interoperability An open digital infrastructure will make ecommerce highly interoperable for sellers and customers who want to connect with each other without the barrier of making an effort of switching between two or more marketplaces for a particular product competition success review annual subscription buy.

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competition refresher magazine

competition refresher magazine

competition refresher magazine Published this article page no  46 GNA means open and nondiscriminatory access to the interState transmission system. Keeping with the concept of one nation one grid it does away with unnecessary contracts between power producers and the bulk consumers for delivery of power. The producer will have right to access to any consumer as far as the quantum contracted is met. Central Electricity Authority initiated the idea of GNA for o Proper planning of transmission system and o Assured recovery of transmission charges from the applicant. About the Regulations Regulations provide for a regulatory framework to facilitate nondiscriminatory open access to licensees or generating companies or consumers for use of interState transmission system (ISTS) through General Network Access and consolidate the related regulations. o These regulations will be notified by the Central Commission. Entities eligible for connecting to ISTS Types of Generating stations Captive generating plants Standalone Energy Storage Systems (ESS) and Renewable Power Park Developer. Dedicated transmission lines by entities if connectivity is granted to a generating station or a captive generating project or a standalone ESS. o In the case of a renewable power park developer the dedicated transmission lines will be developed owned and operated by the developer. Grant of GNA to entities other than STU Entities granted connectivity to ISTS will be deemed to have been granted GNA equal to the quantum of connectivity from the start date of connectivity. Temporary GNA (TGNA) Certain entities like Distribution licensee or Bulk consumer directly connected to ISTS Captive generating plant etc are eligible to apply for TGNA to ISTS. Benefits of GNA Help power generators to focus only on producing power and remove Consumers worry about where the supply will come from and what energy source it will come from. Support Renewable Energy programme by overcoming transmission constraints. Encourage investments in transmission segment through hasslefree access to the ISTS network to renewable energy generators. Ensure reliable transmission access to power utilities Empower state power distribution and transmission companies to determine their transmission requirements and build them Optimize States power purchase costs and Enable development of deeper power markets. Challenges in utilizing the GNA Difficulties to forecast demand because of uncertainty in the assessment of demand. Emerging areas of demand A growing trend towards the electrification of transport agriculture and cooking is further likely to increase demand uncertainty in the coming years competition refresher magazine buy.

competition refresher magazine

competition refresher magazine

competition refresher magazine

competition refresher magazine Published this article page no  42 MRO in aviation is the repair service or inspection of an aircraft or aircraft component to ensure safety and airworthiness of all aircrafts by international standards. It became a viable business in aviation because Airframe Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) would mainly focus on development and production and not the aftermarket. Despite labour advantages a qualified talent pool and exponential growth in airline fleets Indian MROs continued to be unviable and 90% of Indias MRO works are done outside the country that ultimately increases the operational cost. The new policy provides for o Leasing of land through open tenders and abolishing royalty charged by the AAI. o Land allotment for entities setting up MRO facilities through open tenders and for 30 years instead of the current short term period of 3 to 5 years. o Discussions for having military and civil convergence with respect to MRO activities. The ministry has identified eight airports for attracting investments to set up MRO facilities. These are at Begumpet Bhopal Chennai Chandigarh Delhi Juhu Kolkata and Tirupati. Factors behind growth of the sector National Civil Aviation Policy 2016 relaxing FDI norms and focus on regional connectivity through UDAN Schemecreating favorable environment for the aviation sector. As a result o Out of 53 Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS) airports 22 airports have been operationalized in the underserved and unserved areas o According to International Air Transport Association (IATA) Report the average domestic fares in India have fell by 70% from their 2005 levels. o Indias ranking in Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index has improved from 52nd in 2015 to 34th in 2019. Economic factors like increasing size of Indias middle class growth in crossborder trade development of world class airports capacity expansion of lowcost carriers (LCCs) etc. Related News Airport Economic Regulatory Authority of India (Amendment) Act 2021 It amends the Airports Economic Regulatory Authority of India Act 2008 which established the Airport Economic Regulatory Authority (AERA). o AERA regulates tariffs and other charges for aeronautical services rendered at major airports in India. Major provisions Extend the definition of major airports empowering the government to designate any airport as a major airport by a notification. o The 2008 Act designates an airport as a major airport if it has annual passenger traffic of at least 35 lakh. Grouping of airports and notify the group as a major airport to group profitable airports with nonprofitable ones which could be offered in publicprivate partnership (PPP) mode as a package to the prospective bidders. Indias airspace map for drone operations released Released by Ministry of Civil Aviation and is available publicly on digital sky platform. o Drone airspace map comes as a followthrough of the liberalized Drone Rules 2021. It has interactive map of airspace marked into three zones Green zones no permission is required for operating drones with an allup weight upto500 kg. Red Zone  It is the nodrone zone within which drones can be operated only after permission from the Central Government. Yellow zone is the airspace above 400 feet in a designated green zone. Drone operations in yellow zone require permission from the concerned air traffic control authority. 9.5.  ROAD SAFETY Ministry of Road Transport & Highways (MoRTH) has notified constitution of the National Road Safety Board. About National Road Safety Board It shall consist of the Chairman and not less than three but not exceeding seven Members to be appointed by the Central Government. The functions of the board inter alia are o Formulate specific standards for road safety traffic management and road construction for hilly region and guidelines for capacity building of traffic police highway authorities etc. o Formulate Guidelines for establishing and operating trauma facilities and paramedical facilities for consideration by the Central Government. o Provide technical advice and assistance promote good Samaritans and good practices and conduct research for road safety and traffic management. o Promote consistency between international and domestic technical standards. The problem of Road Accidents Globally and in India As per World Bank report (2021) road accidents globally injure over 3000 persons every day competition refresher magazine buy.

competition refresher magazine

competition refresher magazine

competition refresher magazine

competition refresher magazine Published this article page no  41 Expert Group for Modernization of Indian Railways (Pitroda Committee) in 2012 Committee for Mobilization of Resources for Major Railway Projects and Restructuring of Railway Ministry and Railway Board (Debroy Committee) in 2015. Presently reviewapproval of safety aspects in railways is done by the Commission of Railway Safety an independent institution under the Ministry of Civil Aviation. Safety Status of Railways Train Collisions and Derailments Between 201415 and 201920 the number of such accidents and number of deaths reduced from 135 to 55 and from 292 to 5 respectively. Passenger Safety As per NCRB as compared to 27987 accidents in 2019 13018 accidents happened in 2020 leading to death of nearly 12000 railway passengers. Road Users Safety Around 1014 accidents reported at various railway crossings with 1185 deaths. Rescue from Human Trafficking Over 2000 women and children during 201721 o Indian Railways launched Operation AAHT a nationwide operation to curb human trafficking (with traffickers often using Indian Railways network). Commission of Railway Safety It is a statutory body (HQ Lucknow) established under the Railways Act 1989. It deals with matters pertaining to safety of rail travel and train operation including investigation on serious rail accidents. Parent agency of this commission is Ministry of Civil AviationOther reforms in Railways National Rail Plan (NRP) Based on the NRP a Vision 2024 document has been prepared to develop infrastructure by 2024 to enhance modal share of Railways in freight transportation to more than 40 per cent and to cater to the traffic requirements up to 2030. o Planned projects under it include Multi tracking of 14000 Km route electrification of entire Railway network upgrading the speed potential of important routes to 130 KMPH and 160 KMPH (present speed potential 110 KMPH) completion of important coal connectivity and port connectivity. Improved Project execution and Organizational efficiency through prioritized fund allocation and introduction of Ework contract management system EShramik Kalyan Portal and a single Central Payment System (in collaboration with State Bank of India). Speeding Electrification of Railways and Mission Greening 66% of track length has been electrified by November 2020. Railways aim to complete electrification of its entire broadgauge network by 2023. o Once completed IR will achieve a unique feat among the major railways in the world to run trains fully with indigenously produced power without dependence on imported fossil fuel. o After 100% electrification estimated saving on fuelenergy bill for IR would be about Rs.14500 Cr per annum. o Indian Railways have fixed itself a stiff target of being a netzero emitter of carbon by 2030. High Speed Rail At present MumbaiAhmedabad High Speed Rail (MAHSR) project is the only sanctioned project of HighSpeed Rail (HSR) in the country. It is under execution with the financial and technical assistance from Government of Japan. o A Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) namely National High Speed Rail Corporation Limited (NHSRCL) has been formed to implement the Project. Rail Development Authority (RDA) Centre approved setting up RDA an independent regulator to recommend passenger and freight fares and set service level benchmarks. Dedicated Freight Corridors (DFCs) To faster transportation of goods and reduced logistic cost and improved supply chain efficiency. Bharat Gaurav Trains scheme To showcase the countrys rich cultural heritage as well as magnificent historical places to the public. CIVIL AVIATION SECTOR Civil Aviation Ministry announced a 100day development plan to boost the civil aviation sector. More on news Adversely impacted by the coronavirus pandemic the sector is slowly coming on the recovery path. 105 DELHI  JAIPUR  PUNE  HYDERABAD  AHMEDABAD  LUCKNOW  CHANDIGARH  GUWAHATI © Vision IAS The 100 days plan aims to give the muchneeded fillip to sector by focusing on three main areas which are infrastructure policy targets and reforms initiative. o Under this four new airports at Agartala Kushinagar Jewar in Greater Noida and a second terminal building at Dehradun will be constructed in the next 100 days. o Six heliports in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh and commissioning of 50 new commercial routes under the UDAN scheme too will be developed. o A new policy for Maintenance Repair and Overhaul (MRO) services has been announced. Maintenance Repair Overhaul (MRO) Services saga  competition refresher magazine buy.

competition refresher magazine

world focus magazine

 world focus magazine

world focus magazine Published this article page no  108 SUN TEMPLE OF KONARK  Recently, the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) discussed ways to remove sand filled by the British from the sealed assembly hall (known as Jagamohan) of Konark Sun Temple. More on News The Jagamohana was filled with sand by British to avoid damage. In 2019, it was found to be settled down, creating a 17 feet gap between sand and the structure. In 1984 it was included in UNESCO World Heritage Site. Chandrabhaga, its nearest beach, received Blue Flag certification for environmental cleanliness in 2018. Konark Dance Festival and Chandrabhaga Festival are celebrated here. About Sun Temple of Konark Dedicated to the Sun God, the temple is located on the shores of the Bay of Bengal. It was built by King Narasimha Deva I of the Eastern Ganga dynasty from 1238-1250 CE (as per Kenduli Copper plate inscription). ○ The Old Legend links it to Samba, son of Lord Krishna, who built it. 103It is a Kalinga architectural style temple, a sub-style of Nagara Temple Architecture, with a: ○ Rekha Deula or Vimana (principal sanctuary) with a Shikhara (Crowning cap); ○ Jagamohana or assembly hall; ○ Natamandir or Dance hall; and a number of other substructures. In its complete form, it represents an epic imagination of a celestial chariot carrying Sun, mounted on 24 intricately carved wheels, 12 each on North and South side, with nearly 3 m diameter drawn by seven horses, with: ○ Set of wheels representing 12 months of a year and the eight spokes as 8 prahar and symbolic motifs on cycle of seasons and months. ○ The 7 horses as the 7 days of week world focus magazine subscription buy.

world focus magazine

world focus magazine

world focus magazine

world focus magazine Published this article page no  107 During the Surat session of INC in 1907, known for the Surat Split, he joined the extremist group led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak against the moderates. In 1908, he was arrested in relation to Alipore Bomb Case, acquitted later. On 15 August 1947, in his message he wished the partition as temporary expedient and to be reversed. He shared his dreams (as given in image). Spiritual Philosophy Inspired by philosophy of Sat-Chit-Ananda and Yoga, he focused on the spiritual evolution of humanity through inner knowledge or true nature of Human. His contribution can be seen through- The Life Divine (1939) to transform man from mental to supramental beings. The Arya, a philosophical monthly (1914). Other Books compiled as poems, letters and essays such as Essays on the Gita (1922), Collected Poems and Plays (1942), The Synthesis of Yoga (1948), The Human Cycle (1949), The Ideal of Human Unity (1949), Savitri: A Legend and a Symbol (1950), etc. In 1926 he established Sri Aurobindo Ashram with Mirra Alfassa. o Mirra Alfassa founded the Auroville, i.e. the city of dawn, a universal town for a peaceful, progressive and harmonious existence world focus magazine subscription buy.

 

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competition success magazine

competition success magazine

competition success magazine Published this article page no 08 SOCIAL MEDIA AND POLITICS Why in news? Recently a survey of was conducted to find out how preferred news source is likely to influence political leaning and even perception of the postpandemic economic recovery. Key Highlights of survey About Social media and its importance in politics Social media refers to the wide range of internetbased and mobile related services that allow users to participate in online exchanges of views contribute towards usercreated content or join online communities. Examples include blogs social networking sites statusupdate services etc. Importance of social media in politics competition success review buy.

 

competition success magazine

competition success magazine

competition success magazine

competition success magazine Published this article page no 09 Reenergise the political landscape Political campaigning and routine communication through social media provide unmediated and direct communication to connect leaders and citizenry. It helps the parties to communicate their goals and ideologies more effectively. Promoting a twoway communication Many political parties use social media to invite suggestions for their election manifesto take feedback from the people about their current performance etc. thus creating a sense of belongingness. Cost effective Social media incurs low cost when compared to other modes likes print or electronic media for the communication of information. This opens the field for a large number of players to contest in the race who were earlier not able to compete due to a shortage of funds competition success review buy.

 

competition success magazine

world focus magazine

world focus magazine

world focus magazine Published this article page no 128  PMKSY (Har Khet ko Pani) o Repair, restore water bodies; strengthen carrying capacity of traditional water sources, construction of rain water harvesting structures (Jal Sanchay). o Creation of new water sources through Minor Irrigation. o Ground water development in the areas where it is abundant, so that sink is created to store runoff/ flood water. o Diversion of water from source of different location where it is plenty to nearby water scarce areas, lift irrigation from water bodies/rivers at lower elevation. o Creating and rejuvenating traditional water storage systems like Jal Mandir (Gujarat); Khatri, Kuhl (H.P.); Zabo (Nagaland); Eri, Ooranis (T.N.); Dongs (Assam); Katas, Bandhas (Odisha and M.P.) etc. at feasible locations. PMKSY (Per Drop More Crop) o Promoting efficient water conveyance and precision water application devices like drips, sprinklers, pivots, rain-guns in the farm (Jal Sinchan). o Construction of micro irrigation structures to supplement source creation activities including tube wells and dug wells (in areas where ground water is available and not under semi critical /critical /over exploited category of development). water, arresting runoff, providing livelihood options and other activities. o Secondary storage structures at tail end of canal system to store water when available in abundance (rainy season) or from perennial sources for use during dry periods. o Extension activities for promotion of scientific moisture conservation and agronomic measures including cropping alignment to maximise use of available water. o Water lifting devices like diesel/ electric/ solar pump-sets. PMKSY (Watershed Development) o Effective management of runoff water and improved soil & moisture conservation activities such as ridge area treatment, drainage line, treatment, rain water harvesting, in-situ moisture conservation and other allied activities on watershed basis. o Converging with MGNREGS for creation of water source to full potential in identified backward rain-fed blocks including renovation of traditional water bodies world focus magazine subscription buy.

world focus magazine